Skip to Main Content

AMA Citation

A guide to citing sources according to American Medical Association's Manual of Style

Personal Communications

Personal Communications Citation Notes & Format

IMPORTANT: Because personal communications—including personal, unpublished interviews—are not available to the general public the way published materials are, they are NOT included in the reference list.

They are cited in text. Use the in-text citation format below.

AMA recommends judicious use of personal communications and providing documentation for them whenever possible.

In-Text Citation for Personal Communications

According to an letter from L. A. Tynes, MD, from January 2012 . . .

These results are consistent with findings by Thompson8 and L. A. Tynes, MD (email, July 12, 2019).

According to the manufacturer (H. R. Smith, PhD, Pharma International, written communication, May 1, 2015), the drug became available in Japan in January 2014.