Skip to Main Content

Chicago Citation

A guide to citing source according to the Chicago Manual of Style

Audiovisual Media Citation Notes & Format

See sections 14.261–268 in The Chicago Manual for more information.

Use the listed elements below, where applicable, for citations in both notes and the bibliography.

Variations on the order, inclusion, and punctuation of elements will exist between note and bibliography forms.

See below for examples of footnotes, shortened notes, and bibliography entries for a variety of audiovisual media types.

Elements to include when citing audiovisual media from section 14.261 of The Chicago Manual:

  1. Responsible Party: name of the composer, writer, performer, director, etc. primarily responsible for the content (designated as such)
  2. Work Title: full title of work (in italics or quotes as appropriate)
  3. Work Info: additional contributors and date of recording, production, or performance
  4. Publisher: name of publisher and date of publication
  5. Medium/Format: list the format (e.g. LP, DVD, MP3); information like number of disks or length of recording can be included
  6. Additional Info: any additional relevant information can be included here
  7. URL: for sources consulted online, include a URL

Important: The listed important contributors may vary, including who is considered the most important, based on what aspect of the work is being discussed.

Movies

Footnotes (full for first citation then shortened)

1. Ron Howard, dir., A Beautiful Mind. (2001; Universal City, CA: Universal Studios Home Entertainment, 2002), DVD.
2. Howard, A Beautiful Mind.

Bibliography

Howard, Ron, dir. A Beautiful Mind. 2001; Universal City, CA: Universal Studios Home Entertainment, 2002. DVD.

TV Series

Footnotes (full for first citation then shortened)

1. Graham Yost, creator, Justified: The Complete Series, starring Joelle Carter, Walton Goggins, Timothy Olyphant, Jacob Pitts, Nick Searcy, and Erica Tazel (aired 2010–2015, on FX; Culver City, CA: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, 2015), Blu-ray Discs.
2. Yost, Justified.

Bibliography

Yost, Graham, creator. Justified: The Complete Series. Starring Joelle Carter, Walton Goggins, Timothy Olyphant, Jacob Pitts, Nick Searcy, and Erica Tazel. Aired 2010–2015, on FX; Culver City, CA: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, 2015. Blu-ray Discs.

TV Episodes

Footnotes (full for first citation then shortened)

1. Veronica Mars, season 1, episode 22, "Leave it to Beaver," directed by Michael Fields, written by Rob Thomas and Diane Ruggiero-Wright, starring Kristen Bell, Percy Daggs III, Teddy Dunn, and Jason Dohring, aired May 10, 2005, on UPN, https://www.hulu.com/series/veronica-mars.
2. Veronica Mars, s1e22, "Leave it to Beaver."

Bibliography

Fields, Michael, dir. Veronica Mars. Season 1, episode 22, "Leave it to Beaver." Written by Rob Thomas and Diane Ruggiero-Wright, starring Kristen Bell, Percy Daggs III, Teddy Dunn, and Jason Dohring. Aired May 10, 2005, on UPN. https://www.hulu.com/series/veronica-mars.

Youtube and Other Steaming Video

Footnotes (full for first citation then shortened)

1. Roman Mars, "Why City Flags May Be the Worst-Designed Thing You've Never Noticed," March 2015, TED video, 18:09, https://www.ted.com/talks/roman_mars_why_city_flags_may_be_the_worst_designed_thing_you_ve_never_noticed.
2. Phil Plait, "Naked Eye Observations: Crash Course Astronomy #2," January 22, 2015, in Crash Course, 11:16, https://youtu.be/L-Wtlev6suc.
3. Mars, "City Flags."
4. Plait, "Naked Eye Observations."

Bibliography

Mars, Roman. "Why City Flags May Be the Worst-Designed Thing You've Never Noticed." March 2015. TED video, 18:09. https://www.ted.com/talks/roman_mars_why_city_flags_may_be_the_worst_designed_thing_you_ve_never_noticed.

Plait, Phil. "Naked Eye Observations: Crash Course Astronomy #2." January 22, 2015. In Crash Course, 11:16. https://youtu.be/L-Wtlev6suc.